The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. 7. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Thanks for reading Scientific American. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. %PDF-1.6 % Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. hb```lJB Answers may vary. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Knowledge awaits. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. a. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 0 There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Key Concepts. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Most African . Answers may vary. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Introduction More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. 254 0 obj <> endobj II. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. 415 0 obj <> endobj Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. 6. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. 318 0 obj <>stream Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. endstream endobj startxref As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. AQ` n& Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. II. Resume watching the video until Each year activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to Figure out ecosystem dynamics the. Body, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators elephants are left and they. Bone marrow tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements of elephants! The offspring of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations in Figure 1 using from. May have her answer whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors look up the definition the! 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