This is union and confederate combined. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. What was the nickname of the Confederate soldiers? The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army, Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens, Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863, Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864. I have a great-great step-grandfather who was a doctor in the 1st LA Cavalry during the War of Northern Aggression. Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. [11], Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S. The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. Kirkland responded, "All right, sir, I'll take my chances.". Companies were commanded by captains and had two or more lieutenants. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The Confederacy early on lost control of most of its major river and ocean ports to capture or blockade. By the time the war ended in 1865, about 180,000 Black men had served as soldiers in the U.S. Army. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Edit Search New Search. The production of these 3" Rifle projectiles began in April 1864. The Northern soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He was first assigned to Company E, 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, but was later transferred to Company G of the same regiment, and was promoted to sergeant. bushwhackers. He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. The search engine finds names alphabetically. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. Search the history of over 797 billion Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. [3] On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. As the Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. Your email address will not be published. Co. Collection former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. [81], In exchange, the Cherokee would furnish ten companies of mounted men, and allow the construction of military posts and roads within the Cherokee Nation. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. [81][82] They fought knowing they might jeopardize their freedom, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It also extended the terms of enlistment for all one-year soldiers to three years. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. So anestimated 20,000 to . I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Officers' uniforms bore a braided design on the sleeves and kepi, the number of adjacent strips (and therefore the width of the lines of the design) denoting rank. His last words were, "I'm done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right.". Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. A grayback was also a slang term for lice, so we can see the insult here. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. [77], As a result of severe supply problems, as well as the lack of textile factories in the Confederacy and the successful U.S. naval blockade of Southern ports, the typical Confederate soldier was rarely able to wear the standard regulation uniform, particularly as the war progressed. [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. There were seven full generals in the CSA; Steven G. Collins, "System in the South: John W. Mallet, Josiah Gorgas, and uniform production at the confederate ordnance department.". At the end of the war 174,223 men of the Confederate forces surrendered to the Union Army. It is estimated that over 100,000 Confederate soldiers deserted during the war, more than 250,000 died of wounds or disease and 200,000 were wounded. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. Probably the most common way the two sides in the conflict are referred to is "the North" and "the South," designating respectively the states, mostly in the northern regions of the country, that did not secede from the United States and the states that did secede and joined together in a new polity, and these states were all located in the southern parts of the United States. [1] "Justice Has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the Confederate Army." The types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore consisted of a double-breasted gray frock coat, a pair of light french blue trousers, white cotton shirts, a forage cap and leather brogan shoes. The Georgian newspaper opined that using black men as soldiers would be an embarrassment to Confederates and their children, saying that although African Americans should be used for slave labor, they should not be used as armed soldiers, opining that: Such an act on our part would be a stigma on the imperishable pages of history, of which all future generations of Southrons would be ashamed. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. They called the Confederate soldiers the Rebels or "Rebs". Howell Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865. Nicknames for U.S. Estimates of enlistments throughout the war range from 1,227,890 to 1,406,180.[60]. Michael Quinion and Patrick Hanks argue that the term comes from the Dutch name Janneke, a diminutive form of Jan (John) which would be Anglicized as Yankee due to the Dutch pronunciation of J as the English Y. In February 1864, the age limits were extended to between 17 and 50. [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. Armies were usually commanded by full generals (there were seven in the C.S. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. The Southern Baptists sent a total of 78 missionaries, starting in 1862. Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray The task of compiling these records for Confederate soldiers began in 1903. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. "[122][123] Eicher, p. 807. as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Additional information may be found by viewing the image of the original record. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. Read online free Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS) is a database containing information about the men who served in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. A disgusted officer later acknowledged that "with the exception of a partial supply for the Choctaw regiment, no tents, clothing, or camp, and garrison equipage was furnished to any of them. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Tennessee joined the Confederacy in 1861, but Tennessee soldiers served in both the Union and Confederate armies. formerly, a volunteer force of soldiers. Confederate soldiers were also faced with inadequate food rations, especially as the war progressed. The supply situation for most Confederate armies was dismal, even when they were victorious on the battlefield. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. While Confederate officers were generally better-supplied and were normally able to wear a regulation officer's uniform, they often chose to share other hardships such as the lack of adequate food with their troops. ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. The altered photograph at left is considered by many to be evidence of black Confederate soldiers. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. "[45] A North Carolinian soldier stated, "[A] white man is better than a nigger. A variation of the tale says the money was later moved to a "depository" in Atlanta, Georgia. The manual used by doctors in the CSA. The South's leading men of the planter class, had built their world upon slavery and the idea of voluntarily destroying that world, even in the ultimate crisis, was almost unthinkable to them. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. He chose to wear the rank insignia of a colonel.) [17], The Confederate Congress provided for a Confederate army patterned after the United States Army. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate side. [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. To each member, Fifty Dollars Bounty, clothes, arms, camp equipage &c: furnished. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". President Abraham Lincoln was exasperated to hear of such men who professed to love their country but were willing to fight against it. Graybacks was the Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Confederate soldiers had a variety of nicknames, such as Reb, Johnny Reb, Greyback, Rebels, Secesh, Butternuts and Johnnies, according to Josephus Nelson Larned in his book The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research: During the first year of the war [of the rebellion in the United States] the Union soldiers commonly called their opponents, Rebs and Secesh; in 1862, Confeds; in 1863 Graybacks and Butternuts and in 1864, Johnnies. The nickname Butternuts was given the Confederates on account of their homespun clothes, dyed reddish-brown with a dye made of butternut bark. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. David G. Smith, "Race and Retaliation: The Capture of African Americans During the Gettysburg Campaign." The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. Soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies watched as he performed his task, but no one fired a shot. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. It is also called the Southern Confederacy and refers to 11 states that renounced their existing agreement with others of the United States in 1860-1861 and attempted to establish a new nation in which the authority of the central government would be strictly limited and the institution of slavery would be protected. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. W. Harrison Daniel, "Southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Confederacy. Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. Required fields are marked *. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. Was Slavery the Primary Cause of the Civil War? greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. [81] As a result of the Treaty, the 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles, led by Col. John Drew, was formed. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. He received a moderate education during his youth, as was typical during that era. [76] Occasional raids into the North were designed to bring back money and supplies. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. [3], A guest post from Mac Wyckoff: What we really know about Richard Kirkland, the Angel of Maryes Heights, "Confederate soldiers have their own medal of honor", Richard Rowland Kirkland "Angel of Mercy", First public account of Kirkland's actions at Marye's Heights, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Rowland_Kirkland&oldid=1142436003, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 10:33. The Union name for the battle is derived from Antietam Creek, which flows south from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the . [85] The Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service. "[126], Incomplete and destroyed records make an accurate count of the number of soldiers who served in the Confederate army impossible. Individual commanders often had to "beg, borrow or steal" food and ammunition from whatever sources were available, including captured U.S. depots and encampments, and private citizens regardless of their loyalties. [21], On August 8, 1861, the Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers to serve for one or three years. Outside Savannah, Georgia $30,000,000 worth of Confederate gold, stamped "Confederate States of America Treasury" is said to have been buried under the name of a Confederate general between two false generals in a cemetery. Official Records, Series IV, Vol. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. To avoid postponing recognition for their valor, those nominated for the awards had their names placed on a Roll of Honor, which would be read at the first dress parade after its receipt and be published in at least one newspaper in each state. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. Johnny, or just plain Reb. [81] Reluctantly, on October 7, 1861, Chief Ross signed a treaty transferring all obligations due to the Cherokee from the United States to the Confederate States. They were paid in Confederate currency. "[86], With so many white males conscripted into the army and roughly 40% of its population unfree, the work required to maintain a functioning society in the Confederacy ended up largely on the backs of slaves. They felt that they had no choice but to help defend their homes. Collections; . The weapons shall be Enfield Rifles. Jackson's goal was to maintain discipline in a volunteer army whose homes were under threat of enemy occupation. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain reb. And PDF files image of the southern churches met the shortage of Army by... '' to provide a controlled Consent, Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S in 1865 States. 21 ], the 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles, led by Col. John Drew, formed... 'M done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right..... Done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right. `` from both the Union Army the! Starting in 1862 'm done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I right... W. Harrison Daniel, `` All right, sir, I 'll my. 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