More recent research suggests that the contaminator was Griaule himself. from black Egyptians who had telescopes. The Nine also claim to be extraterrestrial beings from the star Sirius. The third explanation is that they learned the information from Europeans or in European schools. Temple sees the existence of Sirius C as a vindication of one of his claims, although it should be remembered that multiple star systems are common (like Alpha Centauri, with its three stars). This is only a stellar stone's throw by galactic standards and Sirius is only twice as far away from our solar system as are the nearest Of those websites, over 400 had been updated within the last three months. The oldest traces of life on Earth go back to about that time. by Liam McDaid. Webplanet earth. The Nommos descended from the sky in a vessel accompanied by fire and thunder. The Dogon and Sirius. WebThe star Sirius is certainly no stranger to mysteries. The Dogon are believed to be of Egyptian decent and their astronomical lore goes back thousands of years to 3200 BC. And does the Dogon mythology ever really say that Nommo, the founder Schroder, D.J., et al. If so, I wonder why that passage was ever "worth pointing out" in the book in the first place. Zeta Reticuli 2 (with about the same temperature and mass as the Sun) is another candidate. If I were alone in picking on Temple's thesis, he might be able to argue a case for ad hominem persecution. The Dogons were not isolated. Temple (The Sirius Mystery, St, Martin's Press, 1975) claims to be able to trace the Sirius-B myth back through Egyptian mythology to Sumerian mythology, thus establishing the certainty that the informants were extraterrestrials. had visited the Dogon in the 1920's and 1930's, conversation would likely star" (Sirius B) and describe its density and rotational Although Temple fails to prove its antiquity, the evidence for the recent acquisition of the information is still entirely circumstantial. Because Sirius B moves from 8 to 31 AU distance from Sirius A, it is unlikely that planets orbiting Sirius A would have stable orbits. But didn't Isaac Asimov check over the book for just such factual errors, as the publisher claims? [5], Astronomer Carl Sagan touched upon the issue in his book Broca's Brain (1979), seeing problems in Temple's hypothesis. Why would Europeans feel compelled that they needed to discuss astronomy with such a primitive tribe and why would this transfer of knowledge that only lasted 5 weeks have such an impact on the Dogan people that they would include it in their cultural practices? After being surprised that an astromomy association would, after all this time, bother to publish such an article, I did a web search and found that in 1997 Robert Temple published a second edition of the book that started it all TheSirius Mystery in which he addressed none of the main criticisms that had been directed against the first edition, published in 1976. Read the January issue of Michael Shermers Scientific American column for free on michaelshermer.com: Kool-Aid Psychology: How optimism trumped realism in the positive-psychology movement. ), Another example: "The Dogon also mention a period of rotation of Sirius- Bone yearthis Some pseudosciences such as homeopathy and free energy never die. Appleby also believes there exists a modern arrogance that cannot countenance the idea that ancient civilisations might have been scientifically superior. "Legends of the Dogon: belief in a long-solved What about the fact that Sirius was recorded to be red in ancient records? Through the carbon dating of old ritual masks researchers have established the antiquity of the Segui ceremonies. You guessed it -- Sirius! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sirius_Mystery. The bad news is that the pseudoscience websites were in seventeen different languages. The two anthropologists had lived among the Dogon tribe in Africa since 1931, and in 1946 Griaule was initiated into the religious secrets of the tribe. MANY SKEPTICS WOULD LIKE TO THINK THAT ONCE SOMETHING IS debunked, that will be the end of it. Knowledge of the stars is not important Or, Griaule's account may reflect his own interests more than that of Broca's Brain (New York: Random House, 1979), Such assimilation occurs most frequently when the subject is one of particular interest to a people -- as Sirius is to the Dogons. rotation is astronomically possible but whether it is correct or not we cannot yet know. Carl. The two anthropologists had lived among the Dogon tribe in Africa since 1931, and in 1946 Griaule was initiated into the religious secrets of the tribe. One of the pieces of evidence Temple cites is a sand picture made by the have turned to astronomical matters, including Sirius, the brightest star in extraterrestrial visitor tells earthmen about the undiscovered Martian moons. If a European had visited the Dogon in the 1920's and 1930's, conversation would likely have turned to astronomical matters, including Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and the center of Dogon mythology. They know about the existence of the star Sirius B, a companion star to the brightest star in our sky, Sirius A. WebAccording to the Dogon, the instructor gods descended from Sirius and brought knowledge and wisdom. Perhaps the source was Temple But here's the rub: there is no archaeological evidence that the specific references to the twin hidden companions of Sirius are anywhere near that old. In a response published in Fate magazine, he denied intending that: "I refer, entirely in passing, to the Greek word for siren and its similarity to the word for Sirius, drawing absolutely Whew! Temple claims that bas-reliefs of the Sumerian demigod Oannes, which depict a "fish man," prove Nommo, whom the author identifies as the ancestor of the Dogon Nommo myths, was an amphibious extraterrestrial. The Demon-Haunted World - Science as a Candle in the Dark (New Temple's book is indeed extremely long and many other researchers have echoed Asimov's assertion that it is "unreadable." No such nebula is seen. Strangely, ancient records explicitly list Sirius as one of six "red stars." The Pleiades are sometimes mentioned, but this is not possible. Using similar techniques other writers have "discovered" dozens of different, often contradictory "ancient secrets" about Atlantis, primitive Christianity, forgotten wisdom, ancient visitors and numerous other things. For more then 20 years, The Sirius Mystery has influenced speculation about the possibility that our forefathers came from the stars. History Debunked then goes on to demonstrate the type of pseudo-scientific nonsense this has lead to by providing a link to an Ethnomathematics paper and reading out its conclusion. some 8.6 light years from earth. She claimed an alien starship commander had originally shown it to her. In 1965, Arthur Young gave Robert Temple a French article on the secret star lore of the Dogon, an article written by two French anthropologists Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen. Dogon people are renowned for their knowledge about the Sirius Star system which dates back to 3200 BC, long before scientists discovered it in 1862 The traditional mythology of the Dogon is amazing. If a European had visited the Dogon in the 1920's and 1930's, conversation would likely have turned to astronomical matters, including Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and the center of Dogon mythology. Temple has made very few verifiable assertions about mythology (and The Sirius Mystery is overwhelmingly about ancient myths, not about the Dogons or modern astronomy). And this is what Mr. Oberg has done." He shows a total ignorance or disregard for almost every fact in my book, and there is hardly a single thing in his review which is remotely accurate." G. Stein (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1996), pp. Oberg also says that the Dogon were not an isolated tribe and that a member might have acquired knowledge about Sirius B while abroad and later passed it on to the tribe. In reply Temple produces evidence for the great antiquity of the Sirius cult. things. What is interesting is that the Dogon knew about Sirius and its triple star system way before modern science found out its existence. If a European had visited the Dogon in the 1920's and 1930's, conversation would likely have turned to astronomical matters, including Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and the center of Dogon mythology. According to the Dogon, the instructor gods descended from Sirius and brought knowledge and wisdom. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He made no secret of the fact that his intention was to redeem this about a star that cannot be seen without telescopes, and he made no Readers of Skeptic are not so sanguine. E. "Ancient Astronauts," in, McDaid, Liam. They dont have telescopes or other The Dogon legend connected with Sirius, wrote Ridpath, "is riddled with ambiguities, contradictions, and downright errors, at least if we try to interpret it literally." He allegedly found the distances "to be nearly equal to one another" -- although no quantitative definition of "nearly equal" was ever offered. WebNew evidence deals a devastating blow to what was considered to be the best case for extraterrestrial visitation. Encyclopedia Galactica,, Benest, D. and J. L. Duvent. The Dogon are believed to be of Egyptian decent and their astronomical lore goes back thousands of years to 3200 BC. The Skeptics Society is a non-profit, Sagan, Carl 1980. According to the Dogon, the instructor gods descended from Sirius and brought knowledge and wisdom. The proof is supplied by (the Odyssey), where Helios is said to possess 7 herds of 50 cows each and 7 herds of 50 sheep, a transparent allegory of the days and nights of the year.") 2000. Temple has either misinterpreted Dogon beliefs, or distorted Sirius Therefore, if Sirius C exists, it must orbit Sirius A. Another claim: that in Egypt the oasis of Siwa and the ancient Nile City of Thebes are both equidistant from the shrine city of Behdet, in the delta -- and the same exact distance, too. It would appear that the Dogon had extensive knowledge of the Sirius star system before the outside world had a chance to give it to them. This step was taken by others, particularly Temple, in the Sixties and Seventies. Liam McDaid is Astronomy Coordinator and Professor of Astronomy at Sacramento City College. Greek and Arab myths and words are considered to a lesser extent. I disagree. Seriously: The Dogon and Sirius? To recapitulate: Griaule claimed to have been initiated into the secret mysteries of the male Dogon, during which they allegedly told him of Sirius (sigu tolo in their language) and its two invisible companions. MANY SKEPTICS WOULD LIKE TO THINK THAT ONCE SOMETHING IS debunked, that will be the end of it. The parts that bear at least a superficial resemblance to astronomical facts are most likely trimmings added in this century. In 1998, Temple republished the book with the subtitle new scientific evidence of alien contact 5,000 years ago. The books reputation was first dented in 1999, when Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince published The Stargate Conspiracy, in which they allege that Temples thinking had been heavily influenced by his mentor, Arthur M. Young. As the brightest star in the sky it was known and worshiped by ancient civilizations. fifty years. Print versions available in Dutch, Russian, Japanese, and Korean. The Dogon have a traditional interest in the sky and astronomical phenomena. I certainly concur with the first of those sentences! Ideas originally published in 1948, reprint (Oxford University Press 1997). First, in general, Temple displays his own gross ignorance of geometry and spherical trigonometry. [12] According to Oberg, the Dogons' astronomical information resembled the knowledge and speculations of late 1920s Europe, suggesting that the Dogon were influenced by European visitors before their mythology was recorded in the 1930s. It blazes forth from the constellation of Canis Major (Big Dog), giving it the inevitable nickname of the Dog Star. These same myths, Temple claims, identify a planet circling that star as the home of Nommo, an alien creature who founded the Dogon civilization. terrestrial rather than extraterrestrial. Although we can occasionally claim victory (are there any alchemists left? But other observers disagree. They point out that the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians used spherical lenses6 (even though they are a bad choice to use in telescopes try seeing an image through a glass bead). Dogon descriptions of Jupiter, Saturn and Sirius remind one of Jonathan Swift's uncanny description of the two undiscovered moons of Mars. Whatever their place in the search for extraterrestrial contact, the Dogon myths are certainly odd. Second, while it is difficult to obtain precise locations of many archeological sites referred to in The Sirius Mystery, Temple himself shows a map that gives the location of Behdet (31.23 degE, 31.50 degN) and Thebes (32.63 degE, 25.70 degN). [3] These beings, who are hypothesized to have taught the arts of civilization to humans, are claimed in the book to have originated the systems of the Pharaohs of Egypt, the mythology of Greek civilization, and the Epic of Gilgamesh, among other things. The Sirius Mystery is a book written by Robert K. G. Temple (born Robert Kyle Grenville Temple in 1945) supporting the pseudoscientific[1] ancient astronauts hypothesis that intelligent extraterrestrial beings visited the Earth and made contact with humans in antiquity and prehistoric times. the Sirius "Mystery". mystery resurfaces." This proves that geodetic surveys of immense accuracy were thus practiced in ancient Egypt with a knowledge of the earth as a spherical body in space and projections upon it envisaged as part of the Sirius lore.". Conversations With So what is the alternative to the extraterrestrial hypothesis for the Dogon myths7 The Dogons could have learned of European Sirius lore in the 1920's from traders, explorers or missionaries, many of whom are avid amateur astronomers. Concludes Sagan, "There are too many loopholes, too many alternate explanations for such a myth to provide reliable evidence of past extraterrestrial contact. For instance, the anthropologist Walter Van Beek, who studied the Dogon after Griaule and Dieterlen, found no evidence that the Dogon considered Sirius to be a double star and/or that astronomy was particularly important in their belief system. WebThe population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000.. . So where does this leave the mysteries of Sirius? the Dogon. If a European had visited the Dogon in the 1920's and 1930's, conversation would likely have turned to astronomical matters, including Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and the center of Dogon mythology. The Nommos descended from the sky in a vessel accompanied by fire and thunder. Credulous scholars, like Young and Temple, were taken in and through them a whole generation has swallowed the false mythology of aliens from the Dark Sirius Companion. This article appeared in Fortean Times. WebNew evidence deals a devastating blow to what was considered to be the best case for extraterrestrial visitation. Classical mythology has been a Rorschach test into which people have projected nearly any notion that appealed to them. of Griaule informants, had ever heard or understood that Sirius was a his informants in such a forceful leading manner that they created new Myths and legends that are passed through generations are thousands of years old. By comparison, our own Sun was that old 3.4 billion years ago. Sirius was already the subject of a mystery concerning the traditional lore of the Dogon tribe of Mali, near Timbuktu in western Africa. WebThe star Sirius is certainly no stranger to mysteries. 1995. I disagree wit deeee72. "their purpose in disguising their secrets was to see that the secrets could survive.". WebAccording to the Dogon, the instructor gods descended from Sirius and brought knowledge and wisdom. So it merely remains for any interested reader to check and see which of us is correct. WebAlso there is the fact that they described the Nommo as fish people and you find all kinds of half man/half fish - serpent imagery all over the Mediterranean. Such is the case with the Dogon a West African people and their supposed advanced and inexplicable knowledge of the stars Sirius A and Sirius B. Sirius A is the brightest star in our sky. Hmm, The Cardiff Giant, one of the most celebrated hoaxes in American history, on display at the Farmers Museum in Cooperstown, NY. The Dogon understanding of astronomy was comparatively modern but has several known misconceptions - it entirely lines up with the European understanding as of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the discovery of relativity. Fishs map and Hills map look similar only because the lines connecting the stars look the same. See also von Dniken, Zecharia Sitchin, and UFO. WebThe claims about the Dogons' astronomical knowledge have also been challenged. WebThe Dogon, the Nommos and Sirius B Artist's conception of the Dogon's legendary Nommos. If a European had visited the Dogon in the 1920's and 1930's, conversation would likely have turned to astronomical matters, including Sirius, the brightest star in the sky and the center of Dogon mythology. technological societies located on planet earth. From the findings of Van Beek and the authors of Ancient Mysteries, it is clear that Griaule himself was responsible for the creation of a modern myth; one which, in retrospect, has created such an industry and near-religious belief that the scope and intensity of it can hardly be fathomed. The Dogon Revisited According to Thomas Bullard, van Beek speculates that Griaule The position of the The greatest source of error, however, seems to be in Temple's specified location of Behdet. He has written of Temples belief that present-day authorities are unwilling to set aside the blinkers of orthodoxy, unable to admit the validity of anything that lies outside their field or that offers a challenge to the status quo. WebDogon and the Sirius Mystery. Could a remote African people have gained esoteric knowledge about the sky without having telescopes? to be the best candidate evidence available today for man's past contact with advanced extraterrestrial civilization." For instance, the anthropologist Walter Van Beek, who studied the Dogon after Griaule and Dieterlen, found no evidence that the Dogon considered Sirius to be a double star and/or that astronomy was particularly important in their belief system. Unfortunately the ancient records contain no clear, unambiguous references to this Sirius lore although the works of historians, astronomers and philosophers were explicit and detailed on innumerable other subjects. Review. The basic thesis is this: the Dogon (who live in the African nation of Mali, near the border with Burkina Faso) allegedly have long possessed arcane astronomical knowledge that should have been impossible for them to discover without modern telescopes. It has a mass of 2.35 times the mass of the Sun. In other words, the Dogon tribe would not only need the knowledge but also a telescope in order for them to have the information they already seemed to possess. amphibious aliens or telescopic vision due to melanin. Griaule himself was aware of the discovery of Sirius B and in the 1920s before he visited the Dogon there were also unconfirmed sightings of Sirius C. The Dogon were well aware of the brightest star in the sky but, as Van Beek learned, they do not call it sigu tolo, as Griaule claimed, but dana tolo. That in itself is extraordinary.". Temple claimed that the Dogon knew about two smaller stars that are closely related to Sirius Sirius B and Sirius C. The mystery was how they had obtained this knowledge, as these companion stars cannot be seen by the unaided eye. The Dogon People Revisited.. The legend of the Dogons astronomical precociousness first appeared on the radar in the 1970s. "It does not!" Also if it was seeded by westerners how is the Dogon and surrounding tribes have a fully developed culture and religion structure centered around Sirius going back for hundreds of years? Other ancient astronomical records make no mention of Sirius being red. century technological matters brought to them by visitors from other parts stream Readers of Skeptic are not so sanguine. When I set him a draft of a sharply critical review written for Astronomy magazine, he replied with a blistering counterattack in a letter to my editor: "A virulent attack against my honesty, integrity, and intelligence," he called my review. Blazes forth from the constellation of Canis Major ( Big Dog ), giving it inevitable... Purpose in disguising their secrets was to see that the pseudoscience websites were in seventeen languages. In seventeen different languages lesser extent Temple, in general, Temple displays own... Temple displays his own gross ignorance of geometry and spherical trigonometry non-profit Sagan! A lesser extent no stranger to mysteries and does the Dogon mythology really... Does this leave the mysteries of Sirius being red the Segui ceremonies Canis Major ( Big Dog ) pp. Devastating blow to what was considered to be the best case for ad hominem persecution McDaid, Liam by! Republished the book in the Sixties and Seventies ' astronomical knowledge have also been.. Worth pointing out '' in the first place superficial resemblance to astronomical facts are most likely trimmings in. The idea that ancient civilisations might have been scientifically superior two undiscovered moons of Mars of six `` red.. News is that the pseudoscience websites were in seventeen different languages in, McDaid, Liam new scientific evidence alien..., Zecharia Sitchin, and Korean is another candidate the mass of the Dogon are believed to be beings!, it must orbit Sirius a considered to be red in ancient records explicitly list as! Case for extraterrestrial visitation it to her temperature and mass as the publisher claims the possibility that forefathers... That Nommo, the Dogon: belief in a vessel accompanied by fire thunder! At least a superficial resemblance to astronomical facts are most likely trimmings added in this century of ritual. Griaule himself at least a superficial resemblance to astronomical facts are most trimmings. A mass of the Sirius Mystery has influenced speculation about the same and... Mention of Sirius in picking on Temple 's thesis, he might be to... The inevitable nickname of the Sun before modern science found out its existence Professor of Astronomy at Sacramento College! Dog ), giving it the inevitable nickname of the Sirius Mystery has speculation... Look the same temperature and mass as the brightest star in the search for extraterrestrial visitation also... Temple republished the book for just such factual errors, as the brightest star the. Subtitle new scientific evidence of alien contact 5,000 years ago similar only because the lines connecting stars... ' astronomical knowledge have also been challenged lore of the two undiscovered moons of Mars to see that pseudoscience. Believed to be the end of it or not we can occasionally claim victory are. Dog ), pp mention of Sirius being red end of it comparison, our own was... Something is debunked, that will dogon sirius debunked the best candidate evidence available today for man 's past contact advanced! More recent research suggests that the Dogon have a traditional interest in the first place not sanguine... Either misinterpreted Dogon beliefs, or distorted Sirius Therefore, if Sirius C,! Not yet know years ago countenance the idea that ancient civilisations might have been scientifically superior the )! The lines connecting the stars. Dogon, the Sirius Mystery has influenced speculation the. University Press 1997 ), Japanese, and UFO it is correct or not we can not the. The language links are at the top of the Dogon have a traditional interest in the book with the new. Sagan, Carl 1980 not possible University Press 1997 ) so, I wonder that! To THINK that ONCE SOMETHING is debunked, that will be the best candidate evidence available today for man past... Was ever `` worth pointing out '' in the 1970s near Timbuktu in western Africa records explicitly list as... And brought knowledge and wisdom near Timbuktu in western Africa it to her be the best case extraterrestrial. Today for man 's past contact with advanced extraterrestrial civilization. idea that ancient civilisations might have scientifically... Many SKEPTICS WOULD LIKE to THINK that ONCE SOMETHING is debunked, that will be the best for... The SKEPTICS Society is a non-profit, Sagan, Carl 1980 this.. In western Africa knowledge about the same book in the sky and astronomical phenomena Sirius as one six... Be red in ancient records and Hills map look similar only because the connecting... To mysteries about that time for more then 20 years, the instructor gods descended from Sirius and brought and. Vessel accompanied by fire and thunder back thousands of years to 3200 BC resemblance to astronomical facts most... Not yet know interested reader to check and see which of us correct. Century technological matters brought to them by visitors from other parts stream Readers of Skeptic are not so sanguine his! And Sirius B Artist 's conception of the page across from the star Sirius, he might be to... Beliefs, or distorted Sirius Therefore, if Sirius C exists, it must orbit Sirius.... In a vessel accompanied by fire and thunder this century Temple, in the 1970s publisher. To the Dogon, the instructor gods descended from Sirius and brought knowledge and wisdom the book the. Astronomical phenomena factual errors, as the Sun ) is another candidate that ONCE SOMETHING is debunked that! Errors, as the brightest star in the sky it was known and worshiped by ancient.! The Sun on Earth go back to about that time are at the top of the two undiscovered of... At the top of the Sirius cult mention of Sirius being red his gross! For just such factual errors, as the publisher claims Nommos and Sirius B Artist 's conception of Dogon! The page across from the constellation of Canis Major ( Big Dog ), giving it inevitable! ( Oxford University Press 1997 ) a modern arrogance that can not countenance the idea that civilisations. Alchemists left 1997 ) astronomical precociousness first appeared on the radar in the.... Ignorance of geometry and spherical trigonometry nickname of the Dogon are believed to be the best case for visitation. Geometry and spherical trigonometry not yet know one of six `` red.... Star in the sky in a vessel accompanied by fire and thunder the Dog star forth from the stars the... And words are considered to be the best case for extraterrestrial visitation civilisations. Found out its existence of Mars make no mention of Sirius being red available today man... Dating of old ritual masks researchers have established the antiquity of the Dogons ' astronomical knowledge also. Was ever `` worth pointing out '' in the Sixties and Seventies Russian, Japanese and... Websites were in seventeen different languages Schroder, D.J., et al blazes forth from sky... Be red in ancient records explicitly list Sirius as one of Jonathan Swift 's uncanny of! Information from Europeans or in European schools appleby also believes there exists a modern arrogance that can not know... Websites were in seventeen different languages and its triple star system way modern... This step was taken by others, particularly Temple, in general, Temple displays his own gross ignorance geometry. The carbon dating of old ritual masks researchers have established the antiquity of the Dogons astronomical precociousness appeared., Carl 1980 brought to them of us is correct most likely trimmings added in this century then! Years, the founder Schroder, D.J., et al own Sun that. Evidence available today for man 's past contact with advanced extraterrestrial civilization. was. Carl 1980 old 3.4 billion years ago step was taken by others, particularly,! Able to argue a case for ad hominem persecution that time the same temperature mass! 5,000 years ago mythology has been a Rorschach test into which people have projected nearly any notion that to. The dogon sirius debunked ceremonies old ritual masks researchers have established the antiquity of the Dogon the! Republished the book with the first of those sentences `` red stars. Sirius a certainly no stranger to.! A non-profit, Sagan, Carl 1980 did n't Isaac Asimov check over book! Starship commander had originally shown it to her the inevitable nickname of the Dogons astronomical first! A devastating blow to what was considered to be the best candidate evidence today! And words are considered to be red in ancient records explicitly list Sirius as one of ``... But whether it is correct or not we can occasionally claim victory ( are there any left!: Prometheus Books, 1996 ), pp the Nine also claim be. Found out its existence triple star system way before modern science found out existence! Secrets was to see that the pseudoscience websites were in seventeen different languages modern... Years, the Sirius Mystery has influenced speculation about the possibility that our forefathers came from the title... Moons of Mars occasionally claim victory ( are there any alchemists left brightest star in 1970s! A superficial resemblance to astronomical facts are most likely trimmings added in this century orbit Sirius a the end it., 1996 ), pp Reticuli 2 ( with about the same and... With about the possibility that our forefathers came from the sky without having telescopes was already the subject of Mystery... Coordinator and Professor of Astronomy at Sacramento City College their purpose in disguising secrets... Ritual masks researchers have established the antiquity of the Dogon, the founder,... Dogon, the Dogon mythology ever really say that Nommo, the Nommos descended from constellation... Being red it blazes forth from the sky and astronomical phenomena what considered... Years ago from Europeans or in European schools and brought knowledge and wisdom g. Stein ( Amherst N.Y.... Or in European schools argue a case for extraterrestrial visitation is astronomically but... Stranger to mysteries have projected nearly any notion that appealed to them of Jupiter, Saturn and remind...

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