The challenge in solving the insecurity problem in Nigeria is to accelerate the pace of development. 4 Anambra State - Awka. Sub-sections 1 and 2 provides that the president may by instrument published in the . Failure of successive administrations in Nigeria to address challenges of poverty, unemployment, and inequitable distribution of wealth among ethnic nationalities is one of the major causes of insecurity in the country. International monitors witnessed widespread vote box theft in 2007, and while the situation improved in 2011, ballot-rigging remained widespread. 1 President Jonathan declared a State of Emergency in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! On December 18, 1980, in Kano city a notable religious riot between the maitatsines, an anti-westernization sect and. Insecurity limits market availability. Apart from the outright closure of a business enterprise, an existing business can also be affected in the four functional areas of business shown below such as production, marketing, finance, and human resource (H/R). This organization has filed a lawsuit against the government for control of money derived from the sale of crude oil produced in their territory. As name suggests, it is a serious and unexpected situation that is required to be immediately solved. In the latest violence, 53 people were killed and 13. It can be declared for a number of reasons including civil unrest or a natural disaster, armed conflict or in a pandemic. Even though on face value, this will seem to be a positive development, I have reason to be cautious and fearful of another political disaster in the SW. The proclamation must be ratified by the National Assembly made up of the Senate and House of Representatives. Nigeria is a third-world country year after year due to this issue. Problems in Nigeria and Solutions: Nigeria is Africas most populated country and the worlds sixth most populous country. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! In the first case, before the state of emergency was declared on 24 March and a lockdown of parts of the capital city-province Kinshasa was imposed, President Felix Tshisekedi had announced, on 18 March, measures to restrict the movement of people, including banning public gatherings, closing schools, restricting travel and closing public . Besides, the Migration of people from the areas to other parts of the country or outside as a result of insecurity will affect the customer base of businesses operating in the environment where the insecurity exists. Nigeria is one of the countries in the world with very high rural/urban drift. Without a reliable road system, business suffers. 1. As a result, the city declared a local state of emergency, advising residents to remain indoors, to stay off roads and sidewalks, and to stay away from rushing street waters and to avoid the Main Street bridge. We must strive to get to a level where crimes will be nipped in the bud before they are perpetuated. Terrorism: Terrorism is a major concern in Nigeria daily. Nigerias multi-ethnic character has many advantages as well as disadvantages ethnicity issues in Nigeria. s Nigeria problem. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Education system: Students who attend tertiary education institutions are usually unemployed and depressed. The immediate factors which caused Nigerias insecurity situation are inexhaustible. 1. Top among these are the widespread corruption, overpopulation in schools, few market-relevant courses, and general unaffordability of a good education. Cases of corruption are not meant to be compromised at all, let alone adjourning them endlessly. March 30, 2022. Beyond the external-internal dichotomy, sources of insecurity have also been classified as either remote or proximate and immediate sources/causal factors. The history of State of Emergency in Nigerian politics began in 1962 when large-scale irregularities in the. World Bank on the investment climate in nine African countries in which it was found that 29% of business operators in Africa and 36% in Nigeria perceived insecurity as a major constraint on investment. See Reasons. Hmmmmmm true talk, may the Lord restore our country and guides our leaders to lead us well. The argument here is that Nigeria has the resources to provide for the needs of its people, but corruption in public offices at all levels has made it impossible for officeholders to focus on the provision of basic needs for the people Nigerian situation as a Paradox of Plenty. This issue of lack of highly skilled personnel and sufficient manpower has led to reduced productivity in most sectors of our economy, and as such has limited our economic development and growth. A nationwide state of national emergency was declared on 25 March 2020 at 12:21pm due to COVID-19 and was extended six times. According to studies, the most effective approach to terrorism is effective security and dialogue with terrorists to tackle issues related to the source of terrorism, and the government must prioritize the benefits of the people. There is also the need to modernize the security agencies with training, intelligence sharing, advanced technology, logistics, motivation, and change of orientation. d. Resource management should be prioritized so that groups like MEND can no longer exist in our country. The study has shown that tricycle has contributed significantly to the transportation system in Nigeria. The countrys annual profits have decreased, significantly impacting the countrys population. Therefore, efforts to tackle insecurity can only be effective if there is a robust combination of legislative and judicial interventions with government reforms that address some of the acute human security challenges confronting a vast majority of the population. (Section 305 (1) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended), Cap C23 . This situation has the damaging consequence of giving a signal to the international community that Nigeria is not a safe and secure place and as such not suitable for investment and business activities. There is hardly a day that passes without sorry tales of pre-meditated killings, armed robbery and other crimes and attacks nationwide. CDC and Nigeria partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020. 500,000 job hopefuls were in a rush to apply for roughly 5,000 openings in Nigerias immigration agency in 2014, and 16 people were murdered in a melee. Non-governing citizens are also judged guilty, even though they are supposed to be free of corruption. When these situations exist, the crime rate is bound to rise and the security of lives and properties cannot be guaranteed. 13/05/2020. So, it is a strong disincentive to business investment as it scares away potential investors. The Siracusa Principles limit which rights can be infringed. In 2011 alone, Nigeria's fuel subsidy cost the country an estimated $8 billion and the price tag for 2012 was expected to be even greater. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! The consistent pattern of post damage responses to national security has been attributed to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel. Fikayo Olowolagba. Graduates are usually required to live with their parents for lengthy periods, which can lead to discontent and pessimism. Why eNaira? This is particularly true in Nigeria where the role of the legislature and judiciary are constantly undermined and influenced by the executive. Rural/Urban Drift The migration of jobless youths from rural areas to urban centers is also one of the causes of insecurity in Nigeria. Being your own boss pays better than anything else. The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. All our endearing values and morals have been traded off for western values. Nigerian troops, aided by troops from Niger and Chad burst into the town looking for guerrillas. Therefore, the government, civil society groups, business organizations,s, and individuals must fight insecurity so as to create an enabling environment where business organizations will feel free and secured to achieve their full potentials and the country will itself be safe to achieve sustainable development. To ensure all this, there must be incentives, good conditions of service, and social security. They were too absorbed with reading textbooks to see how what they had learned might be applied. The following additional powers can be exercised under emergency rule: massive deployment of the armed forces to take charge of security in place of the policy, invasion of peoples privacy (including homes and offices). A State of Emergency, according to state law, can be declared during a situation or imminent threat of widespread or severe damage, injury or loss of life or property, resulting from a natural or man-made cause. In Nigeria, the challenge is not so much about the insecurity of external sources, but rather that of internal sources. It is only a temporary situation, in which action can be taken during dangerous or difficult situations. There are also circumstances when employees of a business enterprise become victims of the attack and the firm losses its experienced staff through death or injury. In Nigeria, election tampering is not uncommon. 2. In many cases, security personnel assigned to deal with given security situations lack the expertise and equipment to handle the situations in a way to prevents them from occurring. Insecurity everywhere is a risk factor that business owners and managers dread and wish to avoid by relocating their businesses elsewhere. FILE - A woman carries a placard as she shouts a slogan during a "Walk Against Rape" march in Lagos, Nigeria, Oct. 5, 2011. Copyright 20102023, The Conversation Media Group Ltd, Committee Member - MNF Research Advisory Committee, PhD Scholarship - Uncle Isaac Brown Indigenous Scholarship, Associate Lecturer, Creative Writing and Literature. A state of emergency can be declared when: the country is in imminent danger of invasion or involvement in a state of war, there is a breakdown of public order and public safety in any part of the country, there is a clear and present danger of an actual breakdown of public order and public safety, there is an occurrence or imminent danger of the occurrence of any disaster or natural calamity, there is any danger which clearly constitutes a threat to the existence of Nigeria. This digital currency will promote financial inclusion, meaning those who are unbanked can get easier and safer access to money on their mobile phones. Threats likely to cause a declaration of the state of emergency include armed action against the state (such as a coup d'etat), financial crisis, epidemics, natural disasters, or external attacks. Ordinary citizens having small and medium scale businesses cannot open shops for business transactions. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta is a good example (MEND). 21. There is a lot of debate about the Northern agenda and the Southern agenda, but not much about the Nigerian agenda., Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Conflict in Africa. Under emergency rule, the government enjoys wide powers which infringe on human rights and fundamental freedoms. Your email address will not be published. Every kid has the right to an education in a safe and healthy setting. The EiEWG Nigeria is chaired by the Federal Ministry of Education or by the State Ministry of Education (And SUBEBs) at the state levels and co-chaired by UNICEF and Save the Children International. Finance Insecurity also increases security spending by business organizations. They prefer blanket references, with the consideration that the causes of insecurity are interwoven and contributory to one another. Small Arms and Light Weapons proliferation and the availability of these weapons have enabled militant groups and criminal groups to have easy access to arms. Political leaders have a history of engaging in corrupt practices. An earlier version of this article appeared in The Guardian newspaper of March 2, 2004 under the title "The State of Emergency Conjecture". We must all take a stance to expose corruption and tell the truth about issues that affect our environment. The isolated cases of arson, killings and destruction of public and private properties do not threaten the survival or national security of Nigeria. Another issue in Nigerian schools nowadays is political meddling; politics is the most powerful factor in the Nigerian educational system. Nigerias environmental and health standards are deplorable. In the year preceding up the 2007 elections, a Foreign Affairs study found about 700 election-related violent actions, including two killings. restrictions on the conduct of private businesses including financial transactions. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide4.xml.rels This emanates from the cost of taking precautions and payment for private security services. Security and development are also related in the sense that being a public good, the imperative to maintain security competes with other public goods such as education, health, and infrastructure for public funds. The use of violence to combat violence is unlikely to succeed in eliminating terrorism since it will result in the deaths of many innocent people. 13. It is a normal political instrument that can be used under extraordinary circumstances that threaten the survival and national security of Nigeria. One of main advantages of emergency maintenance is that there is no initial planning involved so initial cost involved to maintain equipment before failure occurrence is safe. Between 2001 and 2006, just $50 million of the $240 million needed for road repairs was paid. x|J%H7rN`%_rGb@X\v0/t)'.C; th7_w'unVvjJ~ix 53qQmbI+>ocuj6XXj5Lkf`uAvlALk0/!8N>:F'8NpStl!~W,~_7,NgOfO{iT-jkxt-!(mCVx`o! VfpVA/7ev0=_0M)Lc The daily massacres, kidnappings, bombings, and rape carried out by Boko Haram throughout the country are quite concerning. EMERGENCY POWERS IN NIGERIA: LEGALAND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES Mojeed Olujinmi A. Alabi ABSTRACT This article examines both the legal and constitutional validity of the various actions pertaining to the emergency rule in Plateau State, Nigeria. 3.2. emergency management in nigeria: history and current situation 52 3.3. emergency response organisations in nigeria 53 3.4. correlation between emergency management stakeholders in nigeria 59 3.5. government and law-making structure for disaster management in nigeria 61 3.5.1. the national disaster management framework (ndmf) in nigeria 63 3.6. Uchenna Simeon does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. This is an internationally recognised set of rules which set out limits to restrictions on rights during emergencies. Diseases like HIV/AIDS have also been a major problem that has cost the government billions of dollars to address. EM also helps one to immediately identify major cause of failure and then restore asset or equipment to its normal working condition. The last is when the president receives a request to declare a state of emergency from a state governor. Members of the Niger-Delta militants have reintroduced the use of weaponry in expressing their grievances. A State of Emergency helps: K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide5.xml.rels He opined that government at all levels has not done enough by not confronting frontally the situation head-on and dealing with it decisively, others have argued that the situation has a political undertone or inclination calculated to serve the interest of certain political gods, who have been dissatisfied and disgruntled about the political manifestations in the country. In the case of Nigeria, there is also evidence of some businessmen and manufacturing companies having to relocate particularly from the North in recent time, to other peaceful parts of the country. One such program is the Kentucky Fair Plan. The combined emergency management authorities, policies, procedures, and resources of local, State, and Federal Governments as well as voluntary disaster relief organizations, the private sector, and international sources constitute a national disaster response framework for providing assistance, following a major disaster or emergency. Nigerians and foreign watchdog groups describe accounts of candidates using thugs to steal ballot boxes and threaten voters during elections. Such that there is the temptation to lose sight of the fact that such a declaration can also arise due to natural disasters and calamity as provided for under section 305(3)(e). Donate now Corruption: Many of Nigerias issues are caused by corruption. Production Business enterprises rely on the availability and regular supply of raw materials for production. Generally, if there is no peace and security, it is extremely difficult for businesses to survive. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Nigeria was ranked 144th out of 177 countries on Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index in 2013, making it one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Required fields are marked *. Insecurity affects the general human security of the people as the situation promotes fear, while at the same time limiting the peoples ability to work effectively. 019-V#2z`TFi*kgv1#TQ\R{GqZ~'tX"_3`Nei@'v\r(%G%rP]v="C?%0(f_p kbUG9(fTL1&_*"ry3g^CB?' PK ! Furthermore, the country is not harnessing the latest technologies for productivity enhancements, as demonstrated by its low rates of ICT penetration. The menace of insecurity no doubt calls for a new approach that will be founded on credible intelligence gathering. All of these values which made society secured and safe have all gradually been thrown away and lost. A state of emergency is not an aberration. Having cut short a trip to South Africa and annulled a planned state visit to Namibia, President Goodluck Jonathan has declared a " state of emergency " in the three northern states of Borno . The foundations of the institutional framework in Nigeria are very shaky and have provoked deterioration of state governance and democratic accountability, thus, paralyzing the existing set of constraints including the formal and legitimate rules nested in the hierarchy of social order. Conducive environment: some states lacks police infrastructures such as college, clinic and adequate resources to sustain the desired policing. Located in western Africa and bordered by Cameroon, Chad, Benin, and Niger, Nigeria occupies a land mass of approximately 924,000 km 2 (357,000 mi 2 ), about twice the size of California. Disadvantages : Unpredictability is one of main disadvantages of Emergency maintenance as one does not when failure is going to occur. This exerts pressure on the business for manpower at any cost. the Government of Nigeria declared a state of emergency with the imposition of curfews. This can be accomplished by learning one or two different trades. This can be an important part of emergency management and the benefits of a state of emergency often include opening up resources that will benefit communities impacted by the emergency situation. , 8 [Content_Types].xml ( n0'"Nn"RCpmXy$ As mentioned above, a lack of preparation can . Finally, dealing alone with the issues mentioned above will not appraise the root causes of insecurity. Insecurity, therefore, becomes a drain on local and national resources at the expense of development and peoples well-being thereby, having adverse consequences on economic growth and development. Remote or proximate and immediate sources/causal factors good education imposition of curfews the. The transportation system in Nigeria is the most powerful factor in the bud before are. 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