lower coastal property. At 12 oclock I was sorry to hear from Baker, a stock-keeper, an-l soon after by Mr. Chas. His mother then approaches him, and holds her breast to his face, pretending to suckle him. Of course, in certain ceremonies, they used certain clays for coloring their bodies. This communication when handed to Mr F t, he, as the blackfellow describes, read it, tore it to pieces, and when throwing the fragments into the fireplace, said in a contemptuous manner, There, go and bring another, threatening at same time to shoot him if he did not instantly leave the place. Another superstition was in regard to the treatment of a sufferer from internal pains. In general he precedes the coming of natives from distant parts, when they assemble to celebrate certain of their ceremonies, such as the knocking out of teeth in the mystic ring, or when they are performing some dance. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. The Wonnarua people (/hwnrjur/), a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Australian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunterfishergatherers in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Island, and on Low Island, near the head of navigation of the Karuah River. These men, who are called keerang (bushes), approach the kweealbang in single file, each one holding a green bush in front of him, which hides his face and body as far as the waist, and as they walk along they make a shrill sound resembling the howling of the dingo, or wild dog. We must remember that the majority of these men were convicts and assigned as servants to the settlers or squatters, as they were more generally termed, Some of these assigned men were undoubtedly of a very depraved nature, . Figure 5: Richard Browne (17711824). One of them had the spear sticking in him until extracted in my stockyard. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. Starving Aboriginal people began killing stock. The stone is about the height and size of a [woman]. This account is strangely brief. When it became necessary to change the fish diet, the blacks had a wide expanse of bush wherever to forage, a territory at that time teeming with game of all descrip- tions. The men, exultant over the result of their prowess would immediately proceed to make a fire. endstream endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj <>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 72 0 obj <>stream Research revealing the rich and complex culture of Aboriginal people in the Port Jackson region. After a while the former said to them, Put your hand into the split and help me burst the log. They did so. What it meant I could never discover. The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. About the Wonnarua, by James Miller contains more information about the Wonnarua. According to the Eather Family, the Bora ceremony was not held on the Meerea property but at another nearby location. Derby is a King and speaks English well. [The canoes] were generally 15 feet long, and with a fair beam, required some handling by an amateur. Just as the t in tinko was turned into d in dingo so the t in Tugag became d, and the nasality of the final g being dropped the word became Dungag and Dungog. Mack- ensie Massacre and the massacre on the Bowman River Flat. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. Doughboy Billy, to whom Mr. Boydell presented a brass plate with the inscription, King of the Tribe, died in the gully behind what is now Mr. R. G. Berrys. The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search. They are generally listed as clan of the Worrimi people, though the Wonnarua Strategic Plan lists the Gringai of Gresford as Wonnarua. The keerango, and other men who remained at the womens camp have been standing by as spectators, directing the proceedings all the time - the principal headmen being among them. Gringai land also includes the southern valleys of the Barrington Tops. Each child, at birth, was placed in a certain class or totem, and could only marry some person from an entirely different class or totem, their particular classification being indicated by its distinguishing name. They pronounced g nasally like the ng in sing. The T and D sounds were very difficult to differentiate. The honey comb would be pulled out of the hollow limb and thrown down to a couple of mates below who caught it in a wide strip of bark. This station was In the care of 4 or 5 unarmed men (convicts). Other spears, of smaller size, were made for other fish and called mooting., It was Interesting to watch the onslaught on the sea mullet when they came into the harbor. Nothing in the nature of an outrigger was ever. There was a marvellous variety of fish in the harbour in those days, and if might be interesting to record the native names of the different species. The women twisted this fibre to the required thickness and length by rolling it on the front part of the thigh with the hands. The first is, the Gringai are mentioned as occupying the headwaters of the Allyn, Paterson, Williams and Chichester rivers, as well as, according to Scott, the lower reaches of the Hunter and Karuah rivers. This is said to be done to cause the novices hands and arms to grow stronger. Two old men, and two of the elder women, now go inside the ring, of men and boys, and walk round - a man and a woman going one way, and the other man and woman going in the contrary direction. They were a happy lot, the children, tumbling about with little regard to cleanliness as we knew it, and as healthy as could be. All the things were placed at the dead mans head, and the grave was then filled in. A piece of suitable wood invariably myrtle had to be found, curved as much as possible in the rough shape to be assumed by the finished article. Baime awoke and created everything, the mountains, plains, rivers and every living thing. She was Indeed a wonderfully lucky fisher. After these singular appetisers, the chief would throw the carcase on the fire and leave the game to cook. They had a clever and simple method of cleaning any fish they caught, and one that 1 have not seen practiced elsewhere. Thus Fanny would always have success at fishing because of the peculiar lure in her fingers. When I departed from Port Stephens in 1873 to go to Queensland the tribe had dwindled to about fifty members. One in particular was situated near the Allyn River not far from the town the white man now calls Gresford. 4.- To sexual intercourse with the whites at a very tender age, excessive venery, syphilis, and intemperance ; the diminution in births is most remarkable 11.- There are three half-caste children and one grown up girl in this district ; the children life with, and after the manner of the aborigines ; the girl referred to resides with a family in the neighbourhood, and is very tractable. This, I was told, was the end, but to me it now seems clear that it was the beginning of the ceremonies, being the time when the contingents have arrived, and before the final part when the boys who are initiated are taken from their mothers. Flash Tommy was almost killed and lay insensible for several days. Boggle. By this time the keerang have reached the clear space at the keelaybang, where they throw down their bushes and spread out in a line in front of the novices, and jump about, swaying their arms, after which they retire to one end of the camp. This account is very characteristic of similar meetings observed by anthropologists in the Coopers Creek country. The spirit of Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley at Milbrodale painted more than 3000 years ago. . As a boy I got a great fright when working on the flat at Irwins, a lot of natives in war paint and carrying their arms came suddenly on me. A few of the men at the back of the kweealbang commence chopping at a tree, and the boys are helped to their feet, and are put standing in a row near the fires, each boy being supported by his guardian. It is possible that this was the party of twenty six soldiers under Captain Reynolds mentioned by Gordon Bennett and probably one of the grim expeditions of extermination mentioned but not described by him. Once a fire was made it was kept burning as long as could be contrived, and even in their bark canoes they maintained a small blaze on a mound of clay so that cooking operations could be begun ashore whenever necessary. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 6 June 1919 Page 2 Our Earliest Inhabitants. Hall, that there was great reason to apprehend that the blacks had murdered Henderson at Worrawong, our distant cattle station. It wrought great havoc, the mortality being exceedingly heavy. It Is marvellous what the blacks were able to fashion in the way of weapons and equipment of various kinds. sunrise, one of the headmen pretends to see a large brown squirrel [possum] going into a hole in a tree growing near the camp, and asks one of the men to catch it. Black Jack Macarty, another native who had some authority let out a terrible yell and the fight stopped for a while. The novices are placed sitting down on the nets, and bend forward and drink water out of the coolamins which are on the ground in front of them. If these people, after deliberation among themselves, decide to accept the invitation, they give the messenger another. Get XML access to reach the best products. ENRICH https://goo.gl/17pRS8. Around the Manning River basin, there were reports of waterholes and gifts of food being laced with arsenic known as The Harmony so the jungle of the Barrington became a refuge for Aboriginal people. 30 Editable Family Tree Templates [100% Free] March 27, 2021 8 Mins Read. In times of wet weather when long continued rain (Kueywon) made everyone and everything miserable and gloomy, the old men of the tribe would perform a remark- able ceremony to ensure a recurrence of fine weather. Marriages were arranged by the parents and kindred, and a wife was chosen from a neighboring tribe; for instance a man living at Gresford obtained a wife from the Hunter River. This was carefully secured, taken out into the bay, and, with great solemnity, committed to the deep. Tra ditional hunting grounds were depleted, and sacred sites were destroyed. The novices are not allowed to leave the camp, but must sit in the shelter all day with their eyes cast down, some of their guardians remaining with them. Then they would begin on their own account. Many years later Enright (1937-40:91) wrote of having been given a grinding stone which had been found on the bank of the creek at Milgarra, near Bunnan. As soon as they are covered over, the women keep up a humming noise the same as they did on the morning the novices were taken away from the kackaroo. They were distributed over the district in local groups known as Nuria and were located at distances about eight miles apart in what the histo- rians of those days termed villages. Owing to the humming noise which they have themselves been making, and the quiet manner in which the men and boys have come in, such of the younger women who have not been to a keeparra before are surprised to see the cordon of white men standing around them. I have seen small nails used for tipping spears, lances made in this fashion being particularly dead- ly. Anxiety states were deliberately contrived by the guardians who told the boombits that the Goign (great spirit) was attacking the camp and killing the women and children. After the owner had spent some time in exhibiting his prize, a comrade would calmly approach him and secure possession of it to go through the same performance. Of basalt (maximum dimensions 13 8 2.25 inches), the stone was flat on both sides, one having been worn smooth by constant rubbing. . Fanny implored us to maintain silence about the find, her perturbation being so intense and impressing us so strongly, that we never mentioned the matter afterwards. Coen [also spelt Koin] is an imaginary male being who has now, and has always had, the appearance of a black; he resides in thick bushes and he is seen occasionally by day, but mostly at light. Its history could impactthe future of mining in the valley. This hostility was fraught with serious results, and led up to the grim tragedy at Ghangat, and afterwards to the massacre at Kiripit. The fish always travelled from west to east, and close inshore, on the northern side of the harbor, usually making their appearance off Carrington about the time of wo-kercoopa, or high-water. xTk ymH,@>p5qG-jpD*. A few would be detailed as beaters, driving the mob towards the armed hunters hidden in the bushes. The men stood behind beating boomerangs. When baked in the ashes these yams were very palatable; and we, as children partook of them on every occasion that offered. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Sat 20 Aug 1949 Page 2 NATIVE WAYS AND NAMES. This continued until the grass began to shoot on the grave, and then one night the tribe suddenly disappeared and we saw nothing of them for several months. It was this ordeal that tested their physical and emotional abilities almost to breaking point. The body of a man belonging to a strong family and with a big following would doubled up, heels to hips and face to knees, and the arms folded. These bags were attached to the waist-belt when the men were [doing] ceremony My curiosity as to their contents was gratified on one occasion in an unexpected manner while I was still quite young. Often, some black would feel the urge to make something, becoming suddenly industrious in the manufacture of a large number of weapons intended to be exchanged for other articles with members of one of the neighbouring tribes. on which a few embers were always burning. The ceremonial break from their mothers signified the first step towards manhood, it was the beginning of an event that would make them spiritually as well as physically different from women. of the same class ran off together they were punished by death if captured.A man was not permitted to speak to his wifes mother and could only do so through a third party. A wide range of plant foods was collected from the lowland forests. The men seem to have been attacked singly and in open daylight. The illustration above, Broken Bay [Hawkesbury RIver]Jemmy. The [woman] was walking near the river when Coen came in a crash of thunder and a flash of lightning, hurled the branches of trees over her and then carried her off. "We don't have a connection to this homestead or to this area at all," he said. Company Information In the far- off days of the first decade of the nineteenth century, the locality that we know as Dungog was called by its primitive inhabitants Tunkok or Tungog, both of which words mean, in the Awabakal dialect, the place of thinly wooded hills. It needed but little to divert the simple minds of the natives. No black would dream of going fishing after having partaken of a feed of fruit ) nor would he accom- pany any- one who had been similarly guilty. 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